** Sorry for Chinese content. These are my notes. **
Docker 入门
镜像基本命令
基本的
docker version # 版本信息
docker info # detailed message
docker [command] --help # help for ###
docker stats # see CPU status
About Images
docker images # see all images locally
docker search [name] # search the image on Hub
docker pull [name] # download the image
docker rmi [name/id] # remove image
About Containers
run
docker run [name/id] # run a container
# Arguments
-d # background,
-it # interaction,
-p # assign port # 8080:8080 host port:container port
# eg: docker run -it centos /bin/bash
docker ps # see running containers now
# Arguments
-a # see all recently run containers
-n=? # see all containers created recently, ? means showing number
exit
exit # when in a container, exit
# hotkeys
control + P + Q # when in a container, exit, but remains background
delete
docker rm [id] # remove container
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # rm all containers by their id recursively
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # rm all containers with pipeline command
start and stop
docker start [id]
docker restart [id]
docker stop [id]
docker kill [id]
Other frequently used commands
start container from background
docker start -d [id]
# CAUTION: if the container doesn't have things to run, it will stop
# we need a process to maintain background running
see logs
docker logs -tf [id] # see log of a container
see processes inside the container
docker top [id] # see processes inside the container
see META info about container
docker inspect [id] # see container META info
enter the running container
# 进入后台容器修改配置
# 方式一 commands
docker exec -it [id] [bashshell]
# eg: docker exec -it 652ad135c225 /bin/bash
# 方式二
docker attach [id]
# differences: exec will start a new Terminal and do something,
# Meanwhile, attach will not start any new things
copy files from container to host
docker cp [containerID]:[containerPath] [targetPath]
# tips: this is a manually method, we can use -v tech to achieve automatically sync
可视化
portainer
what?
Docker的图形化管理工具。[其实可以用Docker Hub的]
install&run
Docker run -d -p 8088:9000 --restart=always \
-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
--privileged=true portainer/portainer
联合文件系统
类似于Git
镜像提交
docker commit # commit a container as a new image
docker commit -m="message" -a="author" [id] [ImageName]: [TAG]
Docker 进阶
容器数据卷
用于实现数据持久化. 一种数据共享技术，可以把docker的数据同步到本地挂载,也可以容器间共享。
使用
-
方式一 使用命令
docker run -it -v hostDir:containerDir # eg: docker run -it -v ~/testDir:/home centos /bin/bash
MySQL数据持久化问题
docker run -p 3310:3306 -v ~/mysqlContainer/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v ~/mysqlContainer/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d --name mysql01 mysql:latest
就算把容器删除，本地的数据卷不会丢失。
Dockerfile
事用来构建docker镜像的文件，公司交作业要用到
步骤
- 编写dockerfile文件
- docker build 构建成为一个镜像
- docker run 运行
- docker push 发布
例子：centos的
FROM scratch
ADD centos-8-x86_64.tar.xz /
LABEL org.label-schema.schema-version="1.0" org.label-schema.name="CentOS Base Image" org.label-schema.vendor="CentOS" org.label-schema.license="GPLv2" org.label-schema.build-date="20201204"
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
常用命令图解
Build
- 每个保留字必须大写字母
- 指令从上到下
- 每一个指令会创造一个镜像层
具体指令
FROM # 基础镜像，一切从这里构建
MAINTAINER # 镜像作者, Name + Email
RUN # 镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD # 步骤：比如tomcat镜像，添加tomcat压缩包
WORKDIR # 设置镜像的工作目录
VOLUME # 挂载数据卷
EXPOSE # 设置暴露的端口
CMD # 指定容器启动时运行的命令，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定启动时运行的命令，可以追加
ONBUILD # 当构建一个被继承DockerFile，会运行ONBUILD指令
COPY # 类似ADD，将文件copy到镜像中
ENV # 设置环境变量
RUN
Build ur own centos
- 写Dockerfile
# mycentos Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER learner<[email protected]>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "---end---"
CMD /bin/bash
-
构建docker镜像
docker build -f mydockerfile -t mycentos:0.1 .
CMD和ENTRYPOINT区别
CMD # 指定容器启动时运行的命令，可被替代
# 只有最后一个命令会生效
ENTRYPOINT # 指定启动时运行的命令，可以追加
# 在start时，可以继续追加命令
实例：Tomcat镜像
建立了一个文件夹，内容如下：
Dockerfile jdk-8u281-linux-x64.tar
apache-tomcat-9.0.43.tar.gz readme.txt
在Dockerfile里写:
FROM centos
MAINTAINER learner<[email protected]>
COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
ADD jdk-8u281-linux-x64.tar /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.43.tar.gz /usr/local/
RUN yum -y install vim
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_281
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.43
ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.43
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
EXPOSE 8080
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.43/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.43/logs/catalina.out
构建
docker build -t diytomcat .
运行
docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name learntomcat -v /Users/shaotienlee/dockerFiles/volume/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.43/webapps/test -v /Users/shaotienlee/dockerFiles/volume/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.43/logs diytomcat
发布测试(在本地卷编写就可以发布了)
发布
-
Docker Hub
去那网上注册个账号，然后
docker login --help docker push [username]/[imagename]:[tag]